Data Analysis Research Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1437 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Title of Assessment: Data Analysis Research Report Introduction The final examination is a critical assessment as it composes 60% of overall assessments in the course. It is therefore vital to determine which factor influences the exam performances of the students. The purpose of the research is to be able to determine if there are factors, among considered in this research, have an influence on studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ examination results. If findings are significant, it can be used to predict patterns of these factors and may be able to assist in structuring the course in a way that will allow students to achieve best possible outcomes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Data Analysis Research Report" essay for you Create order Method The sample for this study was 705 students who took BSB123 at Queensland University of Technology. Data collected on this research includes: gender, number of degrees, and their assessments results in BSB123. Summary charts of data collected are provided in the Appendix. All calculations and charts were done in Excel, to minimise human error. However, the research may provide limited information, as factors measured were limited. BSB123 Examination Results Count 705 Skewness 0.46042 Mean 28.51645 Mode 20. Variance 153.66785 Coefficient of Variation 0.43471 Standard Deviation 12.39628 Mean Deviation 10.14061 Minimum 5. Median 26.5 Maximum 59. Median Error 0.02204 Range 54. Percentile 25% (Q1) 19.5 Sum 20,104.1 Percentile 75% (Q3) 36.875 Sum Standard Error 329.1441 IQR 17.375 Total Sum Squares 681,479.81 MAD 8. Analysis Examination Results Figure 1. Descriptive Statistics Table (extract) Figure 2. Distribution of BSB123 Exam Results There is much information that can be gathered just by looking at the histogram. First, it shows how data are distributed. Second, the modal interval or most frequent marks the students received were 20-25. Last, it shows the shape of the data, which have a slight skew to the right. Figure 1, provides more detailed calculations for the data set. First, it shows that the mode is 20, which agrees to the histogram. Second, it provides the mean and median, which are 28.51645 and 26.5 respectively. This supports the histogram that there is a slight skew on the right, since mean is greater than the median but not by much. Meaning, most studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ got marks below the median. However it is slightly pulled up by some higher marks, which makes the average slightly greater than the middle score. In this case, the data was checked for outliers to ensure that the mean was not abnormally affected by an extreme value. It was found out that the highest and lowest standard sc ores are 2.45908745 and -1.897056742 respectively. Neither of which is considered an outlier and therefore the mean is a reliable measure of central tendency. Lastly, Figure 1 gives us the Inter Quartile Range (IQR), which provides a robust measure of dispersion since it is not affected by outliers. Given that the IQR is 17.375, the data are quite dispersed since the IQR or middle 50% of the data is relatively small compared to the Range that is 54. In the following graphs, it will be explained whether there are any of the other factors collected have an influence over the exam results. A table of coefficient of correlation, and sample covariance is provided below and will be used to discuss the linear relationship between variates. Figure 3. Coefficient of Correlation and Sample Covariance CORRELATION R ² COVARIANCE QUIZ EXAM 0.53645469 0.287783635 22.55628546 Single Degree 0.514820061 0.265039695 21.82571032 Females 0.425786454 0.181294104 16.30120052 Males 0.583767491 0.340784483 27.02006961 Double Degree 0.578089177 0.334187097 22.50394623 Females 0.607654528 0.369244026 23.80332634 Males 0.515221913 0.265453619 19.09510926 REPORT EXAM 0.292805681 0.085735167 11.91386535 Single Degree 0.245318119 0.06018098 10.0141343 Females 0.225212514 0.050720677 7.711304064 Males 0.267650839 0.071636972 12.32651487 Double Degree 0.326278023 0.106457349 11.85340249 Females 0.359306148 0.129100908 12.69093497 Males 0.250645118 0.062822975 9.04393424 Exam to Report Results Figure 4. Exam to Report Results Chart There is a positive relationship between the exam and report results as their covariance is 11.91386535. This means as the report results increases, the exam result increases too. However, the strength of the relationship should be considered, which is given by the coefficient of correlation. Given the coefficient of correlation is 0.292805681; it is considered a weak relationship since it belongs under 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ r lt; 0.3. This is easily seen in the graph. The data points are scattered away from the line of best fit, which shows there is a weak relationship between exam results and report results. Figure 5. Exam to Report Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Single Degree Concentrating on the exam and report results of single degree students, it can be analysed through the graph. It shows that there is also a positive relationship between the two results for both genders. Also, with the data points scattered, it can be analysed as a weak relationship for both genders. This is supported by their coefficient of correlation: 0.225212514 for females, 0.267650839 for males, and 0.245318119 for all single degree students. These are all considered weak relationship as it is also under 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ r à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.3. Figure 6. Exam to Report Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Double Degree It can be seen in the graph that there is a positive relationship as well. However, there is a recognisable difference between the slope of line of best fit of males and females. It is evident on their covariance: males have 9.04393424, while females have 12.69093497. This will also reflect on their coefficient of correlation in which females have 0.359306148, while males have 0.250645118. It shows that being a female doing a double degree have a higher relationship between their report and exam results. Although, it is still considered a moderate relationship as it belongs under 0.3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ r à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.7. Exam to Quiz Results Figure 7. Exam to Quiz Results Chart As seen on the graph the quiz results and exam results have a positive linear relationship as the direction of the line of best fit is going upwards. This is also supported by the covariance 22.55628546. To determine the strength of this relationship, coefficient of correlation is calculated and given as 0.53645469. Although, this is the highest correlation so far, this is still considered as a moderate relationship. Following are the breakdown of relationship of exam and quiz results by number of degrees and gender. Figure 8. Exam to Quiz Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Single Degree As the graph shows, there is also a positive relationship between the results of students doing a single degree. It can also be seen that the linear relationship of males are steeper than females. This is reflected through their covariance with males as 27.02006961, and females as 16.30120052. Then use the coefficient of correlation to determine the strength of the relationship. Males have 0.583767491, and females have 0.425786454. Even though males have a higher coefficient of correlation, the relationship between the exam and quiz results of both genders are considered a moderate relationship. Figure 9. Exam to Quiz Results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Double Degree From the graph, it can be said that there is a positive relationship between the quiz results and exam results of both genders doing double degree. To prove this, the sample covariance was given: males with 19.09510926, and females with 23.80332634. It is apparent that female covariance is greater than the male covariance. These values will give an indication that the coefficient of correlation of females would also be greater than of the malesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. As calculated, females have 0.607654528, while males have 0.515221913. Although the coefficient of correlation for females is higher, both are still considered to have moderate relationship between their quiz and exam results. Conclusion In conclusion, both report and quiz results have a positive relationship with the exam results. However, the quiz results showed a stronger relationship to the exam results than the report results. The report results have a weak relationship with the exam results, with only the exception of females doing double degree having a moderate relationship between their results. On the other hand, the quiz results have a moderate relationship with the exam results. Unfortunately, there is no relationship to be considered significant to be a basis for predicting the exam results. Appendix Respondents Quiz Results Chart Report Results Chart Descriptive Statistics Tables Quiz Results Count 705 Skewness -1.01846 Mean 15.22199 Skewness Standard Error 0.09193 Mean LCL 14.92413 Kurtosis 4.22775 Mean UCL 15.51985 Kurtosis Standard Error 0.18307 Variance 11.50498 Alternative Skewness (Fishers) -1.02063 Standard Deviation 3.3919 Alternative Kurtosis (Fishers) 1.24506 Mean Standard Error 0.12775 Coefficient of Variation 0.22283 Minimum 0.E+0 Mean Deviation 2.70997 Maximum 20. Second Moment 11.48867 Range 20. Third Moment -39.6596 Sum 10,731.5 Fourth Moment 558.01774 Sum Standard Error 90.06117 Median 16. Total Sum Squares 171,454.25 Median Error 0.00603 Adjusted Sum Squares 8,099.50922 Percentile 25% (Q1) 13. Geometric Mean 14.69729 Percentile 75% (Q3) 17.5 Harmonic Mean 14.00011 IQR 4.5 Mode #N/A MAD 2. Report Results Count 705 Skewness -0.98384 Mean 13.85248 Skewness Standard Error 0.09193 Mean LCL 13.56424 Kurtosis 4.52728 Mean UCL 14.14072 Kurtosis Standard Error 0.18307 Variance 10.77366 Alternative Skewness (Fishers) -0.98594 Standard Deviation 3.28233 Alternative Kurtosis (Fishers) 1.54673 Mean Standard Error 0.12362 Coefficient of Variation 0.23695 Minimum 0.E+0 Mean Deviation 2.49031 Maximum 20. Second Moment 10.75838 Range 20. Third Moment -34.71719 Sum 9,766. Fourth Moment 523.99999 Sum Standard Error 87.15177 Median 14. Total Sum Squares 142,868. Median Error 0.00584 Adjusted Sum Squares 7,584.65816 Percentile 25% (Q1) 12. Geometric Mean 13.29844 Percentile 75% (Q3) 16. Harmonic Mean 12.8176 IQR 4. Mode 14. MAD 2. Exam Results Count 705 Skewness 0.46042 Mean 28.51645 Skewness Standard Error 0.09193 Mean LCL 27.42787 Kurtosis 2.50864 Mean UCL 29.60504 Kurtosis Standard Error 0.18307 Variance 153.66785 Alternative Skewness (Fishers) 0.4614 Standard Deviation 12.39628 Alternative Kurtosis (Fishers) -0.4863 Mean Standard Error 0.46687 Coefficient of Variation 0.43471 Minimum 5. Mean Deviation 10.14061 Maximum 59. Second Moment 153.44989 Range 54. Third Moment 875.192 Sum 20,104.1 Fourth Moment 59,070.61064 Sum Standard Error 329.1441 Median 26.5 Total Sum Squares 681,479.81 Median Error 0.02204 Adjusted Sum Squares 108,182.16913 Percentile 25% (Q1) 19.5 Geometric Mean 25.65771 Percentile 75% (Q3) 36.875 Harmonic Mean 22.55482 IQR 17.375 Mode 20. MAD 8. 1

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay - 1710 Words

Individuals are in complete control of their own happiness, except when it is forbidden by the law. Prior to June 16th, 2015, thirty-seven of the fifty states provided their citizens with the right to marry the opposite sex and thirteen states did not condone this behavior among their citizens. Having equal rights for all people in America has the potential to boost the psychological and spiritual growth of our economy through individual happiness. All people deserve the right to express themselves as individuals, even if that means that they want to be married to someone who is the same gender as them. In September of 2014, two elderly ladies, over the age of ninety, who have been in love for over seven decades, were finally legally allowed to get married. They had been together for seventy-four years while traveling the world and falling in love. Same sex marriage is harmless, and now that is it legal nationwide, people should learn to accept others despite their sexual preferences . Same sex marriage has been a controversial topic in the United States for years now. There are many people in the United States that despise other people who are interested in the same sex. Researchers have found that gay people are three times as likely to have depression or thoughts of suicide due to discrimination. As it turns out, gay people are no different from straight people in terms of their everyday lives. Each human carries out their own daily routine whether it involves work,Show MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. The laws change as the people’s mind change. As they get more comfortable with the idea, they become more openRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Denying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing view is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

The Importance of Ethical Leadership-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about Ethical Leadership. Answer: The role of a leader has evolved with time, the role of a leader changes depending on the objective and the goal of the institution. A leader guides and supports the followers in achieving a common goal. Doing the right thing is very vaguely putting the role of an ethical leader in words. What is right is very subjective and the concept differs from one person to another from culture to culture (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Some of the characteristic aspects of an ethical leader are honestly, integrity and virtue etc. The leaders of the 21st century have recognized their responsibility towards the society and the environment hence the role of an ethical leader is t understand and recognize the duties they have not only towards growth and development of the organisation but also towards other relevant things as well (Overall 2015). The importance of ethical leadership arises from a wider social consideration which is beyond earning profits. Business organisations like oil and gas, mining, chemical etc have an exponentially degrading impact on the environment, this is where it is important to have an ethical leader who will understand these impacts and will try to reduce them or take measure to counteract these issues (Hassan et al. 2013). Depending on the general code of ethics the basic characteristics of an ethical leader can be recognized but as leadership depends on circumstance and situations it is difficult to understand the specific characteristic of an ethical leader. As people work on their individual level, what is correct in one situation may be wrong in another therefore it is hard to underpin specific characteristics (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Thus, it can be concluded that an ethical leader is a person who is not only concerned about the economic development of the organisation but is also responsible towards the people and the environment. An ethical leader supports guides and leads the team towards excellence Reference list: Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hassan, S., Mahsud, R., Yukl, G. and Prussia, G.E., 2013. Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness.Journal of Managerial Psychology,28(2), pp.133-146. Overall, J., 2015. A conceptual framework of innovation and performance: The importance of leadership, relationship quality, and knowledge management.Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal,21(2), p.41.